Cardiac complications are the major complications of end-stage renal disease. Although traditional risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension are prevalent in end stage renal disease, they are not sufficient to account for the high prevalence of cardiovascular mortality , thus the search for other non traditional risk factors is under intense study. It is proved that vascular calcification inhibitors ( such as Fetuin A and Osteoprotegrin) are potential new risk factors and provide evidence for using this inhibitors as surrogate markers for early recognition and early prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic renal diseases.