This is a cross sectional study conducted on fecal and urine samples collected from 50 patients with chronic renal failure attending haemodialysis units and inpatient-sections of Kasr Al-Aini, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University for the detection of microsporidial infection. A data collection sheet containing demographic, clinical and laboratory information was obtained from every patient. A control group of 30 apparently healthy volunteers was included in the study. Parasitological examination using Modified Trichrome Stain and PCR technique were performed to all the stool and urine samples for the detection of microsporidiosis. In the study group, microsporidia spores was revealed in 2 stool samples (4%) using both PCR and Trichrome stain. In addition, one stool sample was positive by staining only. No microsporidia spores were detected in the urine samples. As regards control group, no microsporidia spores were detected in their stool or urine samples