Background: HCV is major problem in hemodialysis unites. Prevalence of HCV increases nearly 87.5% among patients kept on regular hemodialysis for than 6 months .This high prevalence is not known either it is from dialysis or from increase risk of infection among patients having CKD. In Egypt less than 5% of hemodialysis has HBV detected by serological markers.Objectives: Was to study HCV AB and HBsAg serology among incident hemodialysis patients admitted to hemodialysis units for the first time. Methods: In this study, we studied 1000 patients adult ESRD patients recently admitted to dialysis unites in Cairo, each was subjected to the following serological tests:HBsAg., HCV Ab.and HIV AbThe prevalence of these different viruses was estimated among this group of patients.Results:•In our study the prevalence of HCV was 22.9%.and the prevalence of HBV was 1.4%.and the combined HCV and HBV infections were only 0.4%.•The commenst age group of starting hemodialysis was between 51 years old to 60 years old, and the mean age was 49.42 years. And there were no great difference between males and females.In conclusion: the mean age of hemodialysis patients in our unit was 49 years , we have a lower prevalence of hepatitis B in comparison to other countries in the middle east area, on the contrary we have the higher prevalence of hepatitis C in the middle east area., HCV infection is endemic among dialysis centers in Egypt.