Aim of the work: To assess the capability of conception following stem cell transplantation in rats with induced premature ovarian failure ; to study the chromosomal characteristic of the resulting offspring and to study the histopathological examination of different offspring organs.Methods: This study was conducted on 140 female rats. Induction of ovarian failure was achieved by CTX for 14 days. Daily vaginal smear, biweekly hormonal profile (serum E2 and progesterone) were carried out. We sacrificed two rats at the end of the induction protocol for histo-pathological examination to confirm ovarian failure. Single intravenous autologous stem cells (5x106 cells in a 20-µL volume) were administered after completion of ovarian failure. Follow-up for detecting the resumption of ovarian activity was detected by daily vaginal smear, biweekly hormonal profile (serum E2 and progesterone) and sacrificing the rats at the end of the study to verify the resurrection of ovarian activity (follicular growth and count). Furthermore, different groups were obtained to find out the incidence of spontaneous improvement, occurrence and incidence of pregnancy in ovarian failure induced rats and treated group with Stem cells, long term improvement or recurrence of failure and for chromosomal study in offspring of the treated rats.Results: The present study found that MSC implantation can ameliorate ovarian function in rats with ovarian damage induced by CTX injection, which results in abnormal estrous cyclicity, hypoestrogenemia and Administration of the combined treatment of stem cells and CTX to mother albino rats increased the absolute frequency of structural chromosomal aberrations in the cells of their offspring compared to offspring of the control group. The mean values of gaps and breaks revealed insignificant differences between the studied groups. On the other hand, the mean values of deletion and fragment aberrations that were induced by the combined therapy were found to be higher when compared with the stem cell and the control values. This increase was statistically significant. Moreover, the total chromosomal aberrations were also increased significantly in the combined -treated group when compared to the other groups. The histological examination of the ovaries of the sacrificed rats at the beginning of the trial and after completion of induction of failure , and the start of injection of ASC as well as at the end of the 8th week of the trial, while, the ovaries of the rats treated with cyclophosphamide at a dose equivalent to 8mg /kg for 14 day exhibited cystic dilated follicles and some destructive and degenerative follicles Furthermore, microscopic examination of the ovaries of rats treated with cyclophosphamide and given I.V. stem cells injection at a dose (5x106 cells in a 20-µL volume) appeared more or less as normal ovarian tissue with evidence of follicles and even corpus luteum .Examination of different organ of offspring (kidney, heart, lung, spleen and liver) did not show any histopathological variation than normal control.