Acute kidney injury (AKI) is not just an innocent by-stander in the critically ill patient. Research on incidence and outcomes of AKI in the critically ill neonatal population is scarce. To date, observational studies suggest high rates of AKI and poor outcomes in critically ill neonates. Neonates with AKI are at risk of developing chronic kidney disease and hypertension.Methods: 150 neonates were included in our study. They were classified into three groups. Group A: 50 neonates with risk factors and developed renal injury. Group B: 50 neonates with the same risk factors with normal kidney function. Group C: 50 neonates without risk factors and normal kidney function.Objective: to know the association between AKI and the risk factors (sepsis, shock, perinatal asphyxia, congestive heart failure, mechanical ventilation, nephrotoxic drugs).Results: Our study shows that shock was the main risk factor. Nephrotoxic drugs weren’t associated with increased risk of developing AKI. CPAP has a protective effect on kidney function versus no ventilation or SIMV mode. Mortality rate was high in group A than group B. Neonates <36 wks gestation age showed a mortality rate higher than neonates > 36 wk gestation age.