Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are present in adult tissues, including bone marrow and adipose, from which they can be easily isolated and cultured ex vivo. MSCs do possess plasticity of differentiation and under appropriate in vitro culture conditions can be modified to adopt pancreatic, cardiomyocyte and vascular cell phenotypic characteristics and facilitate both myocardial repair and neovascularization in models of cardiac injury. We used male albino rats divided into 5 groups: Group (1): control (C) group, Group (2): diabetic (D) group, Group (3): diabetes and heart failure (D+HF) group, Group (4): bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells injected (BMMSCs) group and Group (5): adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells injected (ATMSCs). Our study concluded that BMMSCs and ATMSCs showed improvement in pancreatic and cardiac functions after 4 weeks of treatment reflected on insulin levels and cardiac performance (both in-vivo and in vitro). On histopathological basis this was associated with preservation of vulnerable cardiomyocytes and regeneration of some pancreatic islets. Despite equivocal functional results, at the tissue level BMSCs were more effective in rescuing the myocardium and pancreas than adipose stem cells.