Anesthesia for ophthalmologic procedures in children is mostly performedunder general anesthesia. The anesthesiologist caring for theophthalmologic patient should be familiar with the disorders and syndromesfrequently associated with ocular pathology, the effects of ophthalmicmedications used preoperatively and intraoperatively, and the oculareffects of the anesthetic agents to be used during the perioperative period.In this essay, we review the current practice and recent development of thedifferent ophthalmic anesthetic approaches with special emphasis onbenefit, risk factors, safe performance and prevention of complications.