Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is by definition any treatment or procedure that includes the handling of oocytes and sperm or embryos outside the body for the purpose of establishing a pregnancy. IVF was initially designed to overcome the problem of tubal infertility but is now widely held to represent the treatment of choice for unexplained infertility, male factor, endometriosis, and ovarian dysfunction resistant to ovulation induction.ICSI is the ultimate option to treat these cases of severe male-factor infertility.In 1990, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was introduced as an experimental procedure to genetically screen human embryos during an IVF cycle. More than a decade later, PGD has become an established clinical procedure in ART.The main vantages of this technique include storage for future use without repeating ovarian stimulation, chance of fertility for neoplastic patients who are going to receive chemotherapy, low risk of multiple pregnancies by reducing the number of fresh embryos transferred, and low risk, without canceling the cycle, of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.