A variety of causes are associated with osteolytic vertebral lesions including metastases of lung, breast, and prostate cancer, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, as well as vertebral hemangioma and other less common causes. These osteolytic lesions cause intense pain and end in vertebral body collapse with possible neurological deficit. The pain can become functionally debilitating, limiting the individual’s quality of life. Known treatment options are pharmaceutical agents, radiation therapy and surgical stabilization. Percutaneous vertebroplasty provides a therapeutic option for individuals with painful compression fractures. The technique was first used by Deramond in 1984. Vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure, the performance of which results in significant pain relief and spinal stabilization. The procedure is associated with limited complications.Vertebroplasty is a successful complementary treatment to both surgery and radiotherapy and should be considered as a treatment modality in patients with vertebral neoplastic lesions both as palliation and as part of a definitive treatment.