This study aim to monitor mucosal changes of esophagus by endoscopic brush cytology after sclerotherapy of esophageal varices.The study included 3 Group: Group (1):20 patients exposed to Sclerotherapy for more than 2 years , Group (2):10 exposed to Sclerotherapy for less than 2 years and Group (3):10 patients not exposed to Sclerotherapy .This study concluded that there is possible direct , in addition to an indirect inflammatory effect of long-term Sclerotherapy involved in the process of carcinogenesis and development of esophageal carcinoma