HCV infection and its complications are known to be major public health problem in Egypt. Approximately 20% of chronically infected patients develop complications such as liver fibrosis and cirrhosis subsequent complications include liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. The MAGE genes encode tumor-specific antigens recognized by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. These antigens represent attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. This study was designed to detect the expression of MAGE-A1 and MAGE-A4 mRNAs in chronic liver diseases. It was performed on 95 subjects [classified into 21 patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), 25 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 26 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with 23 normal control subjects]. MAGE-A1 was expressed in 14/26 (53.8%) of HCC, no expression was detected in CH or LC patients. While MAGE-A4 was expressed in 6/26 (23%) of HCC, 1/21 (4%) of CH and 3/25 (12%) of LC. No expression of both genes could be detected in the control subjects. These results indicate that these genes can be used as predictive and molecular markers of HCC as well as possible targets for specific immunotherapy.