Liver transplantation is considered the therapeutic option for several end stage diseases. However, post-operative complications are common which lead to significant morbidity and mortality. More than two-thirds of liver transplant recipients have infection in the first year after transplantation, which is the leading cause of death in these patients. There are three time frames during which infection occur after transplantation, which include; 1st month, 2nd through 6th month and beyond 6th month. Reducing the frequency of infectious complications through preventive measures ultimately improve the outcome after transplantation.