Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem with increasing morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study was planned to test the protective effect of hematopoietic stem cells mobilization by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on adriamycin (ADR)-induced chronic renal disease in rats. Thirty albino rats were classified into three groups: control, ADR group: rats received single intravenous injection of ADR (5mg/kg) and G-CSF group: rats received ADR by the same route and the same dose as the previous group then G-CSF (70µg/kg/day) two hours after ADR injection then daily for 5 consecutive days. At time of sacrifice (after 6 weeks), blood samples were taken to estimate blood urea nitrogen (BUN) & serum creatinine. Kidneys sections were stained with H&E, Masson’s trichrome, PAS stains & Immunohistochemichal staining against CD34 & caspase-3. G-CSF treated group exhibited protection against renal injury manifested by reducing blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, improving histological architecture and increasing the proliferative capacity of renal tubule.