This study was performed in order to evaluate the body-lead burden among Egyptian subjects with renal impairment not exposed to lead occupationally, to study the relationship between the body-lead burden and each of the following: essential hypertension, hypertensive nephrosclerosis and chronic renal impairment of unknown cause and finally to detect if the body lead burden in patients with renal impairment was related to the degree of secondary hyperparathyroidism. The study included 84 subjects divided into 2 main groups: group I included 50 patients with renal impairment not on regular dialysis therapy and group II included 34 subjects without renal impairment. Group I was subdivided into 3 subgroups: Gp Ia patients with renal impairment of unknown cause, Gp Ib hypertensive nephrosclerosis and Gp Ic renal impairment of known cause. Group II was subdivided into 2 subgroups: normotensive controls and hypertensive controls. The following parameters were evaluated in all participants: EDTA-lead mobilisation test, serum parathormone, serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus and blood hemoglobin levels. The body lead burden and serum parathormone were significantly higher in patients in group I than group II but not significantly different between patients in groups Ia, Ib and Ic. Serum parathormone was significantly higher in hypertensive controls compared to normotensive controls (p=0.012), the body-lead burden was not significantly different between normotensive and hypertensive controls. Body lead burden correlated positively and significantly with serum parathormone level and with the level of serum creatinine in patients with renal impairment (p <0.01). We conclude that body lead burden is elevated in patients with renal impairment compared to normal controls irrespective of the cause of renal impairment and is positively correlated to the degree of renal impairment and secondary hyperparathyroidism.