Identification of white dot syndromes gained special importance in the management of chorioretinal diseases. This importance arises from the increased incidence of these diseases, the similarity of clinical presentation with some infectious diseases and serious conditions as multifocal choroidopathies. For instance, intraocular lymphoma may masquerade as multifocal choroiditis. Recognition of these diseases is of great importance to be able to treat them early as some of them have vision- threatening problems and to take into consideration their differential diagnosis as some are life- threatening conditions. Recent advances in investigative ophthalmology helped us in early identification and diagnosis of these diseases. Also increased treatment modalities as laser, photodynamic therapy (PDT), immunomodulators and intravitreal injections helped us in managing these cases, altering or delaying their natural course and improving their outcomes. In the present essay the clinical presentation and possible genetic background of different white dot syndromes and their simulating conditions have been highlighted and special concern has been given to clarify the proper investigative tools and available treatment modalities of these diseases.