Respiratory distress is considered one of the most important causesof mortality and morbidity of the newborn. The spectrum of the diseaseranges from mild respiratory distress to severe respiratory failurerequiring various degrees of support. The current modalities in ventilatoryassistance provided to these patients should be graded according to theseverity of the disease.The spectrum of mechanical support for neonatal respiratorydistress has widened substantially over the past 4 decades. Continuouspositive airway pressure (CPAP) and time-cycled, pressure-limitedintermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) became the primary treatmentmodalities for a quarter of a century, until the technologic breakthroughsof the 1980s and 1990s introduced high-frequency ventilation (HFV) andadvanced ventilator techniques into neonatal intensive care.Ventilator induced lung injury is considered to be one of the mostcommon conditions requiring medical attention in newborns.This study was conducted on 202 patients receiving respiratorytherapy admitted in two Neonatal Intensive Care Units in CairoUniversity hospitals and El Shohada hospital during the years 2007-2008.