Despite the vast medical uses of ionizing radiation in diagnosis and therapy, it can exert a number of toxicological effects on tissues, as a consequence of uncontrolled production of free radicals inducing a form of oxidative stress.Aim: the aim of the study was to evaluate the possible health effects among health care workers in the radio-diagnosis department by evaluating the effects on DNA damage and repair systems among the exposed population.Results: this study shows an elevation in malondialdehyde and DNA fragmentation as well as an increase in the gene expression of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB), cyclin dependent kinase and proteasome 26S. On the contrary, a decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity and Rad23 were obtained. The bilirubin level, which was recently reported to be as an antioxidant was elevated.Conclusion: despite the low level of ionizing radiation to which the exposed group is subjected, adverse health effects in the form of increased DNA fragmentation and defects in the repair mechanism were considered a contributing factors to unregulated cell proliferation and increased susceptibility to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, so strict follow up is highly recommended.