Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain, disability and decline of physical activity in the elderly.The aim of this work was to review and elucidate the most advanced lines in the management of osteoarthritis in order to know the safest and most effective up-to-date methods of diagnosis and therapy.In this essay we reviewed all aspects of OA including its pathology, pathophysiology, diagnostic tools, and ways of management.Management of OA includes many modalities in two main categories, the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments.We concluded that for maximum gain in therapy, a full program of management utilizing all available treatment modalities in the two categories should be implemented.