Thoracoscopy permits a valuable examination of the thorax, it is done by making a small incision in the lateral thoracic wall, it requires dedicated instrumentation, and patients are at high risk for the development of postoperative complications. The need to monitor respiratory function is critical, the choice of anesthetic drugs and techniques are based on the preoperative cardiopulmonary evaluation.The complete functional separation of the two lungs, high-frequency and high-flow apneic ventilation, intraoperative complications and postoperative pain management were discussed.