Hematogones are cells morphologically resembling lymphoblasts and expressing an immature B cell phenotype. They are part of the benign expansion of normal B lymphoid progenitor cells seen in some hematologic and non-hematologic disorders especially in children recovering from chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The aim of the work was to review the literature on benign hematogone-rich lymphoid proliferations distinguishing them from lymphoblasts by integration of morphology, immunophenotyping, adhesion molecule expression and architectural features. Accurate distinction of hematogone-rich lymphoid regeneration from leukemic lymphoblasts is clearly critical for patient care.