Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of vascularization that affect premature infants. Hypoxia of peripheral nonvascularized retina has been shown to increase vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) leading to neovascularization. Pathological changes were classified into acute, regressive, and cicatricial ROP. Risk factors include hyperoxia, low birth-weight, hypercarbia, vitamin E deficiency. The retinal changes are divided into stages from stage I to stage V. Complications of ROP include glaucoma, cataract, myopia, and retinal detachment. Treatment of ROP include prophylactic, interdictory and corrective. Peripheral retinal ablation include cryotherapy and laser treatment either argon or diode laser. Surgical therapy include scleral buckling and vitreous surgery. Rehabilitation either visual or social rehabilitation