Living donor liver transplantation is increasingly being used to help compensate for the increasing shortage of cadaveric liver grafts. However, the extreme variability of the hepatic vascular systems can impede this surgical procedure, knowing that the "typical" hepatic arterial anatomy occurs in only 55% of the population, with numerous variants existing. Detailed knowledge of the hepatic angioarchitecture is essential to ensure safe and successful liver surgery. One of the most important problems experienced in liver transplantation is the rapid increase in the difference between the number of patients in need for liver transplantation and the number of available cadaver liver so, for that reason, liver transplantation from a living donor has been introduced as an alternative to liver transplantation from cadavers. Liver transplantation from a living donor has some advantages such as the increased number of organs available for transplantation, chance of performing the operation in elective conditions, and elimination of the waiting period for the recipient for a cadaver organ. These factors decrease morbidity, mortality and cost as well as shortened period of cold ischemia.