• BackgroundOpen heart surgery has been in existence for the past four to five decades. With the advance in surgical techniques and anesthetic improvements, we should practically eliminate almost all postoperative complications. With the incidence of perioperative mortality and morbidity has been reduced, yet a long list of postoperative challenges are still faced. Changes in technologyhave produced a variety of new devices and exposure techniques, and have redefined our concepts of the role for hemodynamic monitoring.• MethodologyElectronic data has been collected from systemic reviews of e-medicine, and other sites.• ResultsThere are non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring techniques including; blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, temperature, level of consciousness, urine output and peripheral skin perfusion. Noninvasive monitoring also includes, pulse oximetry; mean arterial blood pressure measured using dynamap system, surface ECG monitoring and Esophageal Doppler monitoring ii• Objectives:This study aims to clarify the most important complications following cardiac surgery whether these complications are cardiac or extracardiac, which may raise mortality or morbidity of these patients. It also focuses on the most recent methods of early detection and monitoring of these complications• ConclusionMajority of the mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery results from complications arising from systems other than the heart. A small percentage of the mortality is directly related to the cardiac complications following cardiac surgery. It begins with a major insult to one particular system such as the pulmonary, neural, or renal. Following that, the events cascade onto theother systems like a domino effect that eventually leads to the sunset in that patient’s life.