IntroductionDiscussing the social and economical risk factors that are consider important contributing factors for Rheumatic fever in children of Egypt, as an example of developing country.Objective:We attempted to focus on social and economic risk factors influence the incidence of rheumatic fever in Egypt, by studying subjects in Abo El Reesh children hospital taking medical treatment in rheumatic fever clinic and are already diagnosed to be rheumatic.The aim of this study is to explore the Socio-Economic background of patients who suffered a previous attack of rheumatic fever, throwing the light on possible contributing etiological socio-economic determinants that contribute to the occurrence of rheumatic fever in Egyptian children.