Kernicterus is a preventable brain injury resulting from severe untreated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Reemergence of kernicterus in a population of term and near-term healthy infants after its near eradication is a public health issue.The aim of the current study was to evaluate the risk factors and outcome of cases of kernicterus. This study included retrospective analysis of the data of all cases of kernicterus who were admitted to NICU of CUPH during the period from the first of September 2006 to the first of September 2009. In the study period, there were 87 newborns recorded to have severe hyperbilirubinemia with bilirubin level > 20 mg /dl with signs or symptoms suggestive of kernicterus. They represented (5%) of the total number of the neonates admitted to the NICU with jaundice. The mean gestational age was 37.3±1.4 weeks, the mean age of onset of kernicterus was 5.05±2.97 days. The mean level of total bilirubin was 31.3±6.3 mg /dl. Kernicterus was caused by ABO incompatibility in 58% of cases, Rh incompatibility in 12%, Sepsis in 34% and unidentified cause in 24%of cases. In the present study, the detected risk factors for development of kernicterus were: gestational age 37-38 weeks, older maternal age > 26 years, exclusive breast feeding and the presence of hemolysis. The outcome of cases of kernicterus in this study was: the mortality was 17.2% of cases, the living cases developed the following: 18.4% of patients were discharged with poor feeding, 28.7% had tone abnormality,14.9% had movement disorder, 56.3% had seizures and was controlled on anticonvulsant therapy.From the current study, we concluded that kernicterus is still a major problem in our community. Long term follow up of these cases is required to detect long term sequel.