Autologous fat transplantation is frequently applied for aesthetic usessuch as lip and facial augmentation and wrinkle therapy. It is alsoindicated in a variety of cosmetic and reconstructive conditions notlimited to posttraumatic defects of the face and body, as involutionaldisorders such as hemi facial atrophy, and sequelae of radiation therapy.However, the most common limitation of fat transplantation is the longtermunpredictability of volume maintenance. Regenerative cell-basedstrategies such as those encompassing the use of stem cells holdtremendous promise for augmentation of the soft-tissue space. Preclinicalstudies and early clinical series show that adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) offer the possibility of finally fulfilling the key principle ofreplacing like with like as an aesthetic filler, without the drawbacks ofcurrent technology. Forty five albino rats constituted the materials of thiswork. They were bred at the experimental animal facilities, Faculty ofMedicine, Cairo University. The results indicate that rats implanted intheir inguinal region with parascapular fat enhanced with bone marrowderived MSCs or ADSCs, showed less inflammation and more vascularproliferation compared to the control group. The control group showedmore inflammation and less vascular proliferation. These results implythat the use of mesenchymal stem cells especially the ADSCs did affectthe outcome of the fat graft over weeks 2, 4 and 6 in terms ofinflammation and vascular proliferation.