The corneal endothelium is functionally essential to the cornea. Dysfunction of the endothelial cell layer as in the Fuchs endothelial dystrophy and Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy provokes hydration of the cornea and thus results in corneal edema. Penetrating keratoplasty has been the standard of care for treating endothelial cell failure however, the Deep Lamellar Endothelial Keratoplasty DLEK, Descemet-stripping with endothelial keratoplasty DSEK and Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty DSAEK procedures represent posterior lamellar corneal transplantation that allows for the selective replacement of diseased recipient endothelium and leads to improved visuak outcomes.