Background/Aim: Hepcidin could be one of the most important regulators for iron metabolism in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). In this study, we aim to investigate hepcidin levels and their relationship with the parameters of iron status, inflammation, anemia therapy, and parameters of dialysis efficiency in hemodialysis patients.Methods: 40 HD patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin were recruited and serum hepcidin-25 levels were specifically measured by ELISA. Results: Plasma levels of Hepcidin-25 was significantly higher (p<0.001) in hemodialysis patients (286.02 ± 101.17) than in controls (97.05 ± 52.16). In simple correlation analysis, plasma hepcidin was correlated positively with CRP (r = 0.91, p < 0.000) (figure 4), IL-6 (r = 0.86, p < 0.000) (figure 5), TSAT (r = 0.71, p < 0.000) (figure 6), ferritin (r = 0.65, p < 0.000) (figure 7), spKt/V (r = 0.615, p < 0.000), duration of dialysis (r =0.795, p < 0.000), BMI (r = 0.830, p < 0.000) and negatively with Hb (r = - 0.78, p < 0.000) (figure 8), dose of epoitin alpha (r = - 0.922, p < 0.000), dose of iron (r = - 0.793, p < 0.000), ultrafiltration volume (r = - 0.955, p < 0.000), s. Ca (r= - 0.982, p < 0.000), s. Albumin (r = - 0.826, p < 0.000). The multiple regression analyses revealed duration of dialysis, ultrafiltration volume, spKt/V, dose of epoitin alpha, dose of iron, ferritin, hsCRP, and IL-6 as significant independent predictors for increased serum Hepcidin-25, while albumin, Hb, and serum iron were independent predictors of low Hepcidin-25.Conclusions:Serum hepcidin levels were associated with iron status and inflammation in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Hepcidin seems to play a significant role in anaemia of HD patients; however, it is difficult to use it as a clinical marker due to the many influences and interrelations.