Background:- The aim of this work is to evaluate the neuromuscular blocking drug “Rocuronium˝ in comparison with “ Vecuronium˝ in patients undergoing elective ophthalmic surgery , as regard onset, duration of action , and reversibility by anticholinesterase and intubation characteristics . The effect of rocuronium on intraocular pressure will be also evaluated in normal patients. Effects of the drug on the cardiovascular parameters will be also evaluated and monitored during the whole work.Methods :- The present study will be prospective , randomized , controlled study , and conducted in 40 patients , allocated into two main groups , subdivided into four subgroups ; each group 20 patients as follows : Group R will receive non depolarizing muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide in a dose of 0.6 mg/kg , further subdivided into Group I R ( 10 patients ) with normal I.O.P , Group Π R ( 10 patients) with elevated I.O.P ; Group V will receive non depolarizing muscle relaxant vecuronium bromide in a dose of 0.75 mg/kg , further subdivided into : Group ΠI V ( 10 patients) with normal I.O.P , Group IVV (10patients) with elevated I.O.P . Intubating conditions and haemodynamics profile (including cardiovascular and respiratory monitoring) were assessed before administration of muscle relaxant, anesthesia technique was standardized with halothane with 0.5-0.8 in addition was used in both groups.Results: - It is generally agreed that rocuronium has a rapid onset of effect after a dose of 0.6 mg/kg (2xED90) and this onset is faster than that of vecuronium, and rocuronium provides good to excellent intubating conditions and also has a longer duration of action. It's clinical duration (duration until spontaneous recovery to 25% of control twitch height) with this dose was 54.4±9.55 min. The pharmacological duration (time until spontaneous recovery to 90% of control twitch height) was 59.4±9.65 min. The mean time of recovery of twitch response from 25%to 75% (recovery index) was 5.9±1.79 min. Rocuronium was found to cause a significant fall in I.O.P, also causing a non significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure after its administration, with some evidence of vagolytic activity and in the majority of these cases the increase in heart rate is within the limits of clinical acceptability. Conclusions :- Rocuronium appears to be a suitable non depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent as a part of rapid sequence induction of anesthesia in place of succinylcholine as it shows a rapid onset , favorable time and course profile , cardiovascular stability and easily antagonized by neostigmine at the end of surgery. It is also found that rocuronium with its rapid onset and lack of I.O.P effects is the relaxant of choice in patients with penetrating eye injuries requiring emergency anesthesia where a long acting muscle relaxant is not recommended.