Human articular cartilage has limited repair potential and poses a great clinical challenge. Current cartilage repair strategies have limitations and none of them has been proven superior to others. Objective: The aim of this study is to test the following hypotheses that autologous BM-MSCs can be used to treat articular cartilage defects in the clinical setting in patients with chondral/osteochondral defects. Secondly, to test the hypothesis that PR-FG can be used clinically as a scaffold to deliver cultured MSCs for cartilage repair. Thirdly, to report on the clinical results one year after implantation of MSCs/PR-FG. Patients and Methods: Autologous BM-MSCs were culture-expanded, placed on PR-FG intra-operatively then transplanted into twenty five full-thickness cartilage defects of femoral condyles of 25 patients and covered with an autologous periosteal flap. Patients were evaluated clinically at 6 and 12 months by the Lysholm and Revised Hospital for Special Surgery Knee (RHSSK) scores and radiographically by X-rays and MRI at 12 months. Repair tissue in 2 patients was rated arthroscopically after 12 months using the International Cartilage Repair Society