Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis is by far the most common type of scoliosis inorthopaedic practice, other types include: congenital, neuromuscular and degenerative.Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis includes observation, bracing andsurgery.Surgical techniques have evolved considerably over the last 50 years starting byposterior instrumentation and fusion. Afterwards, anterior instrumentation wasdeveloped with the advantage of greater curve correction. Recently, thoracoscopicrelease, instrumentation and fusion were developed.In this essay, technique, advantages, disadvantages and complications ofthoracoscpic correction of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis will be discussed incomparison with the conventional open techniques