Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies in Egypt, however its percentage has been reduced over last years but it's still high representing about 11.7% of cancers in contrast to the percentage found in Europe and USA, where it's about 6.6%. Pathological types also differ between that found in Egypt and western countries; where in these countries transitional cell carcinoma is considered the most presenting type representing more than 90%. In Egypt, for decades, squamous cell carcinoma was considered the most prevalent type by more than 70%, this was attributed to wide spread of bilharziasis which is considered a highly risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma, however this percentage is greatly reduced now after mass treatment of bilharziasis by oral antibilharzial drugs since 1977, which lead to marked decrease of squamous cell carcinoma and increase of transitional cell carcinoma.