The biological picture of cancer is rapidly advancing from modelsbuilt from phenomenological descriptions to network models derivedfrom systems biology, which can capture the evolving pathophysiologyof the disease at the molecular level. The translation of this (stillacademic) picture into a clinically relevant framework can be enabling forthe war on cancer. Nanotechnology can play a pivotal role, providing thetechnological power and tools that will enable those developing newdiagnostics, therapeutics, and preventives to keep pace with today’sexplosion in knowledge. There are many interesting nanodevices beingdeveloped that have a potential to improve cancer detection, diagnosis,and treatment. Hematological malignancies represent a specific class ofcancer that attracted special attention in the field of nanodiagnsis andtreatment.