Objective: We sought to determine the short term efficacy, safety and urodynamic effects of the use of anterior rectus sheath and Prolene mesh as a suburethral sling in treating female stress urinary incontinence.Patients and Methods: Eighty four patients with stress urinary incontinence were evaluated (twenty four among each group). Anterior rectus sheath was harvested as usual, while Prolene mesh (Prolene; Ethicon Ltd UK) tape measuring 10x1.5 cm and sterilized by autoclave was used. Preoperative evaluation consisted of ascending cystography, urodynamic studies, routine physical examination, and laboratory investigations. We placed the sling at the proximal urethra and anchored it to the anterior rectus sheath by 2 Prolene sutures. We followed the patients by pelvic ultrasound to detect residual urine, physical examination and urodynamic evaluation at 3 & 6 months post-operatively. In the anterior rectus sheath group 20 patients (83.33%) were diagnosed as pure urethral hypermobility, three patients (12.5%) were diagnosed as combined ISD and urethral hypermobility, and only one patient (4.17%) was diagnosed as pure ISD (Intrinsic Sphincteric Dysfunction). On the other hand, the Prolene mesh group showed 16 patients (66.67%) with pure urethral hypermobility, 5 patients (20.8%) with combined urethral hypermobility and ISD, and 3 patients (12.5%) with as pure ISD.Results: In the anterior rectus sheath group twenty patients (83.33%) were cured, 3 patients (12.5%) were improved and only 1 patient (4.17%) was considered as failure, while in the Prolene mesh group twenty three patients (95.83%) were cured & only one patient (4.17%) was considered as failure. Complications included those such as: retention, post operative urgency and urge incontinence, and lastly Prolene eroding through anterior vaginal wall. Retention was managed by indwelling catheterization for one or two weeks. If still bladder cannot be completely evacuated, CIC or cutting the Prolene sutures suprapubically was done. Urgency with no RU was managed with an anticholinergic. Eroding Prolene in the anterior vaginal wall was managed with antibiotics and local estrogen cream.Conclusion: Preliminary results showed that suburethral anterior rectus sheath and Prolene mesh slings are safe, efficient, and reproducible. Prolene mesh sling is a low cost synthetic material for treatment of SUI. Complications exist but can be successfully managed.