This prospective randomized controlled study was carried out in Cairo University Hospital, to study two temperature management strategies during CPB, and their impact on postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction in coronary revascularization surgery. Sixty adult patients undergoing elective coronary artery revascularization surgery using either normothermic or hypothermic CPB were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Warm group (35.5-36.5 oC) included 31 patients and Cold group (28-30 oC) included 29 patients. The following parameters were monitored and recorded: Temperature, Mean arterial blood pressure, Aortic cross clamp time, Cardiopulmonary bypass time, Blood gases, Jugular bulb O2 saturation, Cerebral O2 consumption, and haematocrite. MAP was maintained during bypass time and blood gases were comparable in the two groups. Core body temperature was as intended, in the cold group had a lower mean temperature than patients in the warm group. That difference was highly significant statistically. During the late phase (rewarming) of CPB, SjO2 in the cold group was significantly lower than the warm group (50.1 and 57.0 % respectively). Also, CMRO2 was higher in the cold group than in the warm group (5.6 and 4.7 ml/min respectively). Both results were highly significant statistically (P < 0.001). The following neurologic and neuropsychologic tests were used to assess the patients preoperatively and 6 weeks postoperatively: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale, Mini-mental State Examination, Digit Span of Wechsler adult intelligence Scale Revised Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Intentional and Incidental memory tests, Trail Making test (part B), and Hamilton depression Scale. The changes between preoperative and postoperative scores were similar in both. When comparing postoperative neurocognitive test scores in both groups, there were NO statistically significant difference between them with the exception the Incidental memory test. We concluded that hypothermic CPB as participated (at our institution with a temperature difference of 4.7˚C) makes no difference in postoperative cognitive performance than the normothermic CPB.