What may be done to diminish the toll of bacterial infections in these highly susceptible patients? In cirrhotic patients, same-day treatment out-clinics and centers should be used instead of hospitalization; if hospitalization is necessary, intensive care units and hospital days should be used in a miserly manner. In hospital, skin cleanliness and universal precautions to diminish patient-to-patient colonization must be observed. Urinary catheter and CVP Line should be avoided whenever possible, and when these are necessary, aseptic precautions should be used to minimize infection. Prophylactic antibiotics with norfloxacin or related agents have been proven effective in all hospitalized cirrhotics with gastrointestinal bleeding (especially chid C and rebleeding) and those with low total ascitic fluid protein or previous episode of spontaneous peritonitis, knowing that 44.7% of all cirrhotic patients will become infected during hospitalization and at least 21% of infected patients will die. However, emperic use of quinolones is not indicated in any infection in cirrhotic patients to avoid infection quinolone resistant. It is advisable to culture the ascitic fluid in blood culture bottles as their sensitivity is greater than that of ordinary culture to detect bacterial growth in neutrocytic samples.