The corneal endothelium is functionally essential to the cornea. Dysfunction of the endothelial cell layer provokes hydration of the cornea and thus results in corneal edema. Corneal endothelial cell density and corneal thickness are essential in evaluating the status of the cornea. Penetrating keratoplasty has been the standard of care for treating endothelial cell failure however, The Deep Lamellar Endothelial Keratoplasty DLEK, Descemet-stripping with endothelial keratoplasty DSEK and Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty DSAEK procedures represent posterior lamellar corneal transplantation that allows for the selective replacement of diseased recipient endothelium and leads to improved visual outcomes.