Cervical smear is an important easy method to examine the cervix for malignant and premalignant changes. One of the risk factors concerned with cervical malignancy, is the use of contraceptive methods. It is important also to know other risk factors which may increase the incidence of cervical malignancy such as the sexual history including sexually transmitted diseases, age of sexual activity and number of partners, also smoking, dietary factors, male factors, socioeconomic and demographic factors. So, it's important to follow up all women in their sexual life periodically by cervical smearing to isolate and treat almost all cases rapidly, and the suspicious cases are to be under periodic follow up and avoid risk factors. As regard the effect of different contraceptive methods on cervical smear, the combined oral contraceptives increases the risk of squamous intraepithelial lesions and this risk increases with the duration of use, relative risk decreased with increasing time since last use. In females using injectable progestins contraceptive, the incidence of squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix increases especially in long-tem users but these lesions are reversible and decline with time since cessation of use and the lesion not give invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Subdermal progestins implants (norplant) have an insignificant increase in the incidence of squamous intraepithelial lesions compared with the pretreatment incidence. Intrauterine devices either inert or chemically impregnated don't increase the risk of squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix, but they are a source of infection. Other methods of contraception, which includes rhythmic abstinence, female sterilization and coitus interruptus (withdrawal) have not been found to be related to squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. Local barrier methods of contraception decrease incidence of squamous intraepithelial lesions.