A preterm infant is any infant born before 37 weeks gestation. Pre-eclampsia, maternal kidney disease, diabetes, infection, or heart disease are the main cause of preterm labour. The problem encountered by premature infant is related to immaturity of organ system which may lead to complications in the preterm infants. Goals of mechanical ventilation are to achieve and maintain adequate pulmonary gas exchange, minimize the risk of lung injury, reduce patient work of breathing, and optimize patient comfort