A comparison has been made between polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and saphenous vein as graft material for the construction of upper limb arteriovenous fistulas for use in hemodialysis. Two from five PTFE grafts were complicated by infection and secondary hemorrhage, and were removed. Only one from five saphenous vein grafts was complicated by aneurysm formation, which was removed, and the graft was functioning later on. So saphenous vein graft provides an excellent vascular access for hemodialysis, especially in diabetic patients.