Neonatal morbidity and mortality is a public health problem in developing countries. The neonatal period is considered highly vulnerable time for an infant, who is completing many of the physiologic adjustments required for extra uterine existence.The late fetal and early neonatal period is the time of life exhibiting the highest mortality rate of any age interval.The retrospective study was conducted over a period of one year in the neonatology unit in Cairo University Hospital, aiming at identifying the mortality rates of neonates and to report the causes of mortality of cases understudy. And impact of mode of delivery and gestational age on mortality.