Cytokines are a heterogeneous group of proteins which act on cell surface receptors to regulate and modify cell growth, maturation and repair. In addition to their longer term effects on cell growth and differentiation, cell mediated host-defence mechanisms, cytokines also mediate several acute effects such as the inflammatory response. Cytokines are produced from activated leucocytes, in particular monocytes, and also from activated fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Cytokines play a pivotal role in the coordination and regulation of immune responses. Interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and Interleukin-6 have local and systemic effects that may limit injury and the spread of infection and provide a suitable environment for tissue healing and repair. Cytokines may show the following features; Pleiotropy Ambiguity, Redundancy, Synergy and Antagonism. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is nonspecific and may follow a variety of clinical insults, including infection, pancreatitis, ischemia, multiple trauma, tissue injury, hemorrhagic shock, or immune-mediated organ injury.Trauma, inflammation, or infection leads to the activation of the inflammatory cascade. When SIRS is mediated by an infectious insult, the inflammatory cascade is often initiated by endotoxin or exotoxin. Tissue macrophages, monocytes, mast cells, platelets, and endothelial cells are able to produce a multitude of cytokines. The cytokines tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)–1 are released first and initiate several cascades.