The evaluation and appropriate management of the critically ill neonate requires knowledge of the physiologic changes and life threatening pathologies that may present during this period.The most common and important emergency related to newborn infants in the delivery room is failure to initiate and maintain respirations.Less frequent but of major importance are shock, severe anemia, convulsions and management of life threatening congenital malformations.Along the period of the study, the total number of admissions reached 3780 cases, medical causes represented about 90% while surgical causes represented 10% of admissions and the total number of cases of neonatal emergencies was 544 cases representing about 14.3 % of all admissions.