Background :Resistin is a newly discovered peptide that inhibits adipogenesis.Furthermore, it may be involved in the regulative processes taking placein insulin resistance and inflammation.Aim :The aim of the present study was (1) to evaluate the serumconcentration of resistin in the children with chronic renal insufficiency(CRI) & those on hemodialysis and (2) to investigate the possible impactof resistin on the insulin resistance.Methods :In total, 20 patients ( 10 patients with chronic renal insufficiency and10 patients on hemodialysis ) and 10 healthy age and sex matched controlsubjects were included in the study.Resistin conc. was measured by ELISA, insulin resistance wasobtained from homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)Results :Resistin conc. was significantly elevated in hemodialysis patients(16.2 (14.25-27.6) ng/ml) and in CRI patients (14.7 (8.1-22.8) ng/ml)incomparison to controls (6.6 (6.15-8.92) ng/ml) (P-value = 0.002)There was no significant correlation between resistin level and HOMAIR,BMI or lipid profile. Conclusion :Resistin level was increased in children with renal failure. However,this elevation was not found to be associated with insulin resistance.