Acrylic cements have been used for the augmentation of weakened orpartially destroyed bones for decades. The term vertebroplasty originallydescribed an open surgical procedure that introduces bone graft or acryliccement to mechanically augment weakened vertebral bodies.Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is the acrylic most commonly used as abone filler, and its application in the treatment of pathologic vertebralcompression fractures (VCFs) has been reported extensively. In particular, ithas been used to treat VCFs created by metastatic disease and primary bonetumors, such as aggressive hemangiomas and giant cell tumors.percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), was performed in France in 1984,when Deramond and Galibert injected PMMA into a C2 vertebra that hadbeen partially destroyed by an aggressive hemangioma. The procedurerelieved the patient’s long - term pain.The interest in PVP has continued to grow since its introduction inEurope and its subsequent introduction in the United States by theinterventional neuroradiology team at the University of Virginia . PVPreportedly offers the patient rapid relief from the pain associated with VCFsand is evolving as a standard of care for VCFs. In this review, it wasdescribe patient selection criteria, technical aspects of the procedure, andpotential complications; review some of the basic science and biomechanicsresearch related to the procedure; and present some future hurdles that stillmust be overcome for PVP to become a fully accepted standard of care.