In early rheumatoid arthritis, the synovium is marked by endothelial cell injury, tissue oedema and a very modest infiltration of the sublining region with mononuclear cells and on occasion with neutrophils. Under the influence of locally generated cytokines (IL-1 and TNF-alpha ) post capillary venules undergo a morphologic alteration such that they resemble the so called high endothelial venules (HEV) characteristic of lymphoid tissue, these endothelial cells have an enhanced expression of various cell surface adhesion receptors, including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( VCAM-1 ). Interleukin-1 exists in two molecular forms called IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta which are antigenically distinct. IL-1 alpha is mainly cell associated (95%) and IL-1 beta is released into extra cellular environment after stimulation, it could be responsible for humoral effects associated with cytokine because it is only active when released from producer cell. IL-1 beta has been reported to have multiple effects on polymorphonuclear cells including increased adherence, increased chemotaxis and specific granule exocytosis. IL-1 beta stimulates human endothelial cells to express markedly increased concentration of surface adhesion molecules that bind with specific ligand on neutrophils and monocytes, important endothelial molecules include vascular cell adhesion molecule –1 ( VCAM-1 ) which binds monocytes through the VLA-4 integrin. This work aimed to measure the serum level of IL-1 beta and VCAM-1 among the rheumatoid arthritis patients in comparison with healthy control also to study the correlation of both IL-1 beta and VCAM-1 with disease clinical finding (articular and extra-articular), disease activity markers ant X-ray changes. Sixty rheumatoid arthritis patients and twenty healthy controls have been studied. All patients subjected to full history, laboratory investigation for ESR, CRP, HB, RF, serum IL-1 beta and VCAM-1 using ELIZA kits technique and radiological assessment for hands and feet. The results of our work revealed that a statistically highly significant increase in both mean serum level of IL-1 beta (77.9±31.6 pg/ml ) and VCAM-1 (1633 ± 543 ng/ml) in comparison with healthy control were (23.9± 7.49 pg/ml) and ( 623± 115.4 ng/ml).Fifty–seven RA patients considered hyper VCAM-1with serum level above 853.88 ng/ml and Fifty–two RA patients considered hyper IL-1 beta with mean serum level above 38.9 pg/ml both group revealed increased incidence of extra-articular manifestation , X-ray changes (grade 1) and increase mean serum level among RF positive patients when compared with non-hyper RA patients group. A statistically highly significant correlation between both IL-1 beta and VCAM-1, it seems that IL-1 beta is an inducer for VCAM-1 in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Serum VCAM-1 had a non-significant negative correlation for HB level and positive correlation for ESR and CRP while IL-1 beta had highly significant negative correlation for HB level, positive correlation for ESR and a non-significant positive correlation for CRP. Both serum IL-1 beta and VCAM-1 had a statistically non-significant negative correlation with disease duration.