This study was carried out to assess the orthodontic treatment need in agroup of Egyptian school children using the Index of OrthodonticTreatment.A total of 1048 students aged 11 to 14 years selected randomly(53.3% males and 46.7% females) from different public schools in theCity of Cairo. These subjects were examined to assess the orthodontictreatment need.According to the DHC of the IOTN, approximately one-quarter of thepopulation has a definite need for orthodontic treatment. Also, onequarterof them has moderate need.Self and professional assessment of AC of IOTN was considered to besimilar.The need for orthodontic treatment was affected by gender, which washigher among boys than girls.Despite differences in DHC and AC scores, their correlation was foundto be positive, the greater the aesthetic need, the greater the chance of anobjective definite need for treatment.