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An experimental study to evaluate the effect of ball bearing brackets on friction between wire and bracket

Thesis

Last updated: 06 Feb 2023

Subjects

-

Tags

Orthodontics

Authors

Husain, Ahmad Qandil

Accessioned

2018-08-26 05:55:13

Available

2018-08-26 05:55:13

type

M.Sc. Thesis

Abstract

This experimental study was carried out to compare the behavior of modified brackets containing ball bearing with unmodified brackets without ball bearing regarding the friction between the bracket and the orthodontic wire. Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of 60 brackets. The sample was divided into six groups. Each group consisted of ten brackets. The first group consisted of 10 unmodified four wing brackets (Twin Bracket, ORMCO, USA). The second group consisted of 10 modified four wing brackets (Twin Bracket, ORMCO, USA). The third group consisted of 10 unmodified Six wing brackets (Synergy, Rocky Mountain, USA). The fourth group consisted of 10 modified Six wing brackets (Synergy Rocky Mountain, USA). The fifth group consisted of 10 unmodified passive self- ligating brackets (Damon mini 2000, ORMCO, USA). The sixth group consisted of 10 modified passive self- ligating brackets (Damon mini 2000, ORMCO, USA ). Each one of the modified brackets received two ball bearings of standardized size, shape and manufacturing material. The details of the modification are still patent pending. The wires used during the test were 0.019 X 0.025 straight stainless steel orthodontic wire (ORMCO, USA) and 0.016 x 0.022 straight stainless steel orthodontic wire (ORMCO, USA). The setup of the testing apparatus was in accordance to a thesis by (Mantel, 2011) that was done in Marquette University (Milwaukee, Wisconsin) under the title of Friction Testing of a New Ligature. Universal testing machine (Lloyd LR 5 KN, Lloyd instruments, England) was used for all the samples. The software used was Nexygen. All the tests were performed under dry conditions at room temperature. Each wire was pulled through the bracket at cross speed of 5 mm/min for 5 mm distance for each wire. The force was measured in gram force. Static friction was measured. The data got extracted from the Lloyd machine in the form of readings of load along the extension moved by the bracket. Excel program was then used to form a graph. Statistical analysis was performed by Microsoft Office 2013 (Excel) and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Data were presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) values. The significant level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Kolmogorov-Smirnova and Shapiro-Wilk tests was used to assess data normality and data was assumed normally distributed. Factorial ANOVA was used to assess effect of modification bracket and wire over friction. Simple main effect with bonferrioni correction was used if the ANOVA was significant.

Issued

1 Jan 2015

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.21473/iknito-space/40319

Details

Type

Thesis

Created At

28 Jan 2023