Introduction: The purpose of this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need among schoolchildren in the Arab Republic of Egypt, The present study was conducted in governorate. Methods: Permission to undertake the survey was obtained from the Egyptian Ministry of Health. In addition, ethical approval was given by the Research Ethics Committee of Cairo University, general presidency for health insurance and the Ministry of Education of Alexandria Governorate. The healthcare specialist in each school assisted the examiner in bringing in the children from classes for screening at the school clinic. To ensure infection control, only disposable diagnostic tools were used and the examiner woredisposable gloves and masks throughout the examination, for every child, aregistration sheet was filled. Results: A total incidence of Malocclusion represented 52.3% of the total sample of which 40.9% were Angle Class I, 8.6% Angle ClassII, 2.7% Angle ClassIII and ClassIV malocclusion was not recorded for the present sample. The percentage distribution of the dental health component (DHC) of the present sample was 611 children (55.3%) had noorlittle need for orthodontic treatment (Grades1,2), while, 274 children (24.8%) had moderate need for orthodontic treatment (Grade3) ; while, 219 children (19.9%) had great need for orthodontic treatment (Grades4, 5).