The present study was undertaken to assess caries prevalence among primary school children in Egyptian countryside represented by the city of Tameia, El Fayoum governorate. We selected 12 Egyptian governmental primary schools in Tameia at El –Fayoum which divided into 2 groups; group 1: Consists of 6 governmental schools in Tameia city (urban) and group 2: Consists of 6 governmental schools around Tameia city at El- Fayoum (Rural). The teeth and the mouth examined using WHO Basic method of oral health survey (1997). DFT and dft data were presented as means and standard deviation (SD) values. Student's t-test was used to compare between urban and rural areas. Conclusion: the dft and DFT scores, the results of this study revealed that urban students showed higher means (dft 2.75 and DFT 0.81) than rural students (dft 2.41 and DFT 0.52) but this difference was not statistically significant for both indices.